Who Is On The Nickel? History & Design Of The US Five-Cent Coin
Have you ever taken a close look at a nickel and wondered, "Who is that person on the coin?" Well, you're not alone! Many people handle nickels every day without knowing the story behind the portrait. So, let's dive into the history and uncover the identity of the man who has graced the five-cent piece for decades: Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States.
Thomas Jefferson: Founding Father and Nickel Icon
Thomas Jefferson is one of the most important figures in American history. He served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. However, his contributions to the nation go far beyond his presidency. Jefferson was a Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, a lawyer, architect, philosopher, and much more. He was a true Renaissance man, a polymath whose influence is still felt today. His commitment to liberty, democracy, and education shaped the course of American history, which is why his face appears on the nickel. The decision to feature Jefferson on the nickel was made in 1938, and the first Jefferson nickels were minted that year. The design was the result of a competition, and the winning submission came from Felix Schlag, whose initials "FS" can be found on the coin beneath Jefferson's bust. Jefferson's image on the nickel serves as a constant reminder of his contributions to American democracy and ideals. His presence on the coin connects people to the nation's past and the principles upon which it was founded. It is a tribute to his legacy as a champion of liberty and a visionary leader. The Jefferson nickel has become an iconic symbol of American currency, and it is likely to remain so for many years to come.
Why Jefferson? A Legacy Worth Remembering
So, you might be asking, why Jefferson? There are several compelling reasons why he was chosen to be on the nickel. Firstly, Jefferson was a key figure in the early history of the United States. He served as the third president, from 1801 to 1809, during a period of significant growth and change for the young nation. His leadership helped shape the country's identity and set it on a course toward becoming a global power. Secondly, Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence, a document that articulated the fundamental principles of American democracy: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This document is a cornerstone of American identity, and Jefferson's role in its creation solidified his place in history. Beyond his political achievements, Jefferson was a man of diverse talents and interests. He was an accomplished architect, designing his famous home, Monticello, as well as the University of Virginia. He was also a passionate advocate for education and believed that an informed citizenry was essential for a functioning democracy. His commitment to knowledge and intellectual pursuits makes him a fitting figure to represent the United States. The Jefferson nickel is not just a piece of currency; it's a symbol of American history and values. It serves as a reminder of the ideals that the nation was founded on, such as freedom, democracy, and education. When you hold a nickel in your hand, you're holding a piece of history. Jefferson's image on the coin is a tribute to his enduring legacy and his contributions to the United States.
The History of the Nickel's Design: From Buffalo to Monticello
The nickel's design has actually changed over time, adding another layer to its story. Before Jefferson graced the nickel, another iconic image adorned the coin: the Buffalo. The Buffalo nickel, designed by James Earle Fraser, was minted from 1913 to 1938. It featured a Native American on the obverse (front) and an American bison on the reverse (back). This design was considered a classic representation of the American West and is still highly sought after by collectors today. However, in 1938, the Treasury Department held a competition to design a new nickel featuring Thomas Jefferson to commemorate the 200th anniversary of his birth. The winning design, by Felix Schlag, depicted Jefferson in a profile view on the obverse and his home, Monticello, on the reverse. Schlag's design was initially met with some criticism, but it quickly became an enduring symbol of American currency. The Jefferson nickel has undergone a few minor changes over the years. In 2004 and 2005, special commemorative designs were released as part of the Westward Journey Nickel Series. These designs featured different images of Jefferson and scenes related to the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark expedition. These temporary changes added some variety to the nickel and highlighted Jefferson's role in expanding the United States westward. However, in 2006, the nickel reverted to its classic design, with Jefferson on the obverse and Monticello on the reverse. This design has remained in use ever since. The nickel's design history is a microcosm of American history, reflecting the nation's changing identity and values. From the Buffalo nickel's representation of the American West to the Jefferson nickel's celebration of a Founding Father, the coin's imagery tells a story. So, the next time you look at a nickel, consider the history it represents. It's more than just five cents; it's a piece of American heritage.
The Jefferson Nickel's Enduring Appeal
Beyond its historical significance, the Jefferson nickel has a certain enduring appeal. It's a familiar and ubiquitous part of American life, a small piece of metal that passes through our hands every day. But it's also a reminder of the nation's past and the values that it holds dear. The nickel is a tangible connection to history, a pocket-sized reminder of the people and events that shaped the United States. Jefferson's image on the coin is a symbol of his contributions to American democracy, his commitment to liberty, and his belief in the power of education. These are values that continue to resonate today, and the nickel serves as a constant reminder of them. The design of the Jefferson nickel is also aesthetically pleasing. Jefferson's profile is dignified and thoughtful, and Monticello, his iconic home, is a beautiful representation of American architecture. The coin is simple yet elegant, and its design has stood the test of time. There's something comforting about the familiarity of the Jefferson nickel. It's a coin that most Americans have grown up with, and it evokes a sense of nostalgia and connection to the past. It's a small piece of Americana that we carry with us every day. So, the next time you find a nickel in your pocket or purse, take a moment to appreciate it. It's more than just five cents; it's a piece of American history, a symbol of American values, and a reminder of the enduring legacy of Thomas Jefferson.
While Thomas Jefferson has been the face of the nickel for many years, it's interesting to consider that he wasn't the only historical figure considered for the honor. In fact, when the decision was made to replace the Buffalo nickel in 1938, several prominent Americans were in the running.
A Look at the Runners-Up: Who Else Could Have Been on the Nickel?
So, who else was in contention to be on the nickel? Well, let's explore some of the other notable figures who were considered. One prominent contender was Benjamin Franklin, another Founding Father and a key figure in American history. Franklin was a statesman, inventor, scientist, writer, and diplomat. He played a crucial role in the American Revolution and helped to shape the early years of the United States. His contributions to American society are undeniable, and he would have been a fitting choice for the nickel. Another figure considered was Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th President of the United States. Roosevelt was a charismatic and influential leader who is known for his conservation efforts, his trust-busting policies, and his role in building the Panama Canal. He was a popular president, and his image on the nickel would have been a powerful symbol of American progressivism. Other notable figures who were considered include George Washington, the first President of the United States, and Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President and the leader who guided the nation through the Civil War. Both Washington and Lincoln are iconic figures in American history, and their presence on the nickel would have been a fitting tribute to their legacies. Ultimately, Thomas Jefferson was chosen for the nickel, but the fact that so many other prominent Americans were considered speaks to the rich history of the United States and the many individuals who have contributed to its development. The decision to feature Jefferson was undoubtedly a difficult one, and it's interesting to speculate about what the nickel might look like today if a different choice had been made.
The Selection Process: How Jefferson Became the Nickel's Face
The selection process for the nickel's design in 1938 was a significant event. The Treasury Department, responsible for the nation's currency, decided to hold a public competition to choose the new design. This competition was open to American artists, and the submissions were judged by a panel of experts. The criteria for the design were clear: it had to feature Thomas Jefferson on the obverse and Monticello, his home, on the reverse. The goal was to create a design that would honor Jefferson's legacy and celebrate American history. The competition attracted a large number of entries, and the judging process was thorough and deliberate. The panel of experts carefully reviewed each submission, considering its artistic merit, its historical accuracy, and its overall suitability for the nickel. In the end, the winning design was submitted by Felix Schlag, an American artist whose work had previously been featured on commemorative medals. Schlag's design was simple yet elegant, and it captured the essence of Jefferson's character and the beauty of Monticello. His design was officially adopted in 1938, and the first Jefferson nickels were minted later that year. The decision to hold a public competition for the nickel's design was a reflection of the importance of this coin in American culture. The nickel is a symbol of American history and values, and the design process was carefully managed to ensure that it would be a fitting tribute to Thomas Jefferson and the nation's heritage. The competition also served to engage the public in the design process, giving American artists an opportunity to contribute to the nation's currency. The success of the Jefferson nickel design is a testament to the importance of careful planning and public participation in the creation of national symbols.
What the Future Holds: Will Jefferson Remain on the Nickel?
Looking ahead, it's natural to wonder whether Thomas Jefferson will remain on the nickel indefinitely. Currency designs are not static; they can change to reflect evolving cultural values and historical perspectives. In recent years, there has been increasing discussion about the representation of women and people of color on American currency. This conversation has led to some changes, such as the inclusion of Harriet Tubman on the redesigned $20 bill. Given this context, it's possible that the nickel's design could be revisited in the future. There are arguments to be made for featuring other historical figures who have made significant contributions to the United States. For example, some have suggested that Sacagawea, the Native American woman who played a crucial role in the Lewis and Clark expedition, would be a fitting choice for the nickel. Others have proposed honoring civil rights leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. or Rosa Parks. These suggestions reflect a desire to create a more inclusive and representative currency, one that reflects the diversity of American history and culture. However, there are also strong arguments for maintaining the current design. The Jefferson nickel has been a part of American life for decades, and it has become a familiar and iconic symbol. Jefferson's legacy as a Founding Father and a champion of liberty is undeniable, and his presence on the nickel serves as a reminder of these values. Ultimately, the decision about the nickel's future design will be a complex one, involving input from historians, artists, and the public. It's a conversation that will likely continue for years to come, as the United States grapples with its history and its identity.
Beyond its historical and cultural significance, the nickel is also a popular coin for collectors. Coin collecting, or numismatics, is a hobby that has been enjoyed by people for centuries. It's a fascinating way to learn about history, art, and culture, and it can also be a rewarding investment.
Getting Started with Nickel Collecting: A Beginner's Guide
If you're interested in getting started with nickel collecting, there are a few things you should know. Firstly, it's important to understand the different types of nickels that have been minted over the years. As mentioned earlier, the nickel has featured several different designs, including the Buffalo nickel and the Jefferson nickel. Each design has its own unique history and value. Secondly, it's important to learn about coin grading. Coin grading is the process of evaluating the condition of a coin, and it's a key factor in determining its value. Coins are graded on a scale from Poor (P) to Perfect Uncirculated (MS-70), with higher grades indicating better condition. The condition of a coin can significantly impact its value, so it's important to be able to assess it accurately. Thirdly, it's helpful to research the rarity of different nickels. Some nickels are more common than others, and rare nickels can be quite valuable. Factors that can affect a nickel's rarity include the mintage (the number of coins produced), the year it was minted, and any errors that may have occurred during the minting process. There are many resources available to help you learn about nickel collecting, including books, websites, and coin collecting clubs. These resources can provide valuable information about coin grading, rarity, and the history of different nickels. You can also connect with other collectors and share your knowledge and experiences. Collecting nickels can be a fun and rewarding hobby, and it's a great way to learn about American history and culture. With a little research and patience, you can build a valuable collection of nickels that you'll enjoy for years to come.
Valuable Nickels to Look Out For: Key Dates and Varieties
For serious nickel collectors, there are certain key dates and varieties that are particularly valuable. These are the nickels that are highly sought after by collectors due to their rarity or historical significance. One of the most famous valuable nickels is the 1913 Liberty Head nickel. This nickel is extremely rare, with only five known examples in existence. It was minted without authorization by a US Mint employee, and its unique design and rarity make it one of the most valuable coins in the world. Another valuable nickel is the 1937-D Buffalo nickel with a "three-legged" variety. This nickel has a minting error that resulted in one of the bison's legs being missing. This error makes the 1937-D three-legged Buffalo nickel a popular collector's item. There are also several valuable Jefferson nickels, particularly those minted during World War II. From 1942 to 1945, nickels were made from a composition of silver, copper, and manganese, rather than the usual nickel and copper. These "war nickels" are easily identifiable by their large mintmark above Monticello on the reverse. War nickels in good condition can be quite valuable. Other key date Jefferson nickels include the 1939-D and 1950-D. These nickels had relatively low mintages, making them scarcer and more valuable than other years. Identifying valuable nickels requires a keen eye and a good understanding of coin grading and rarity. However, the potential rewards for finding a rare nickel can be significant. So, the next time you're handling nickels, take a close look; you might just find a treasure!
The Allure of Coin Collecting: Why Nickels Make a Great Starting Point
Coin collecting, particularly nickel collecting, offers a unique blend of history, art, and financial potential. It's a hobby that can be enjoyed by people of all ages and backgrounds, and it provides a fascinating window into the past. Nickels, in particular, are a great starting point for coin collecting because they are relatively inexpensive and easy to find. You can start a collection simply by searching through your pocket change or visiting a local bank. This makes nickel collecting accessible to anyone, regardless of their budget. But the accessibility of nickels doesn't diminish their appeal. As we've seen, nickels have a rich history and a diverse range of designs and varieties. From the iconic Buffalo nickel to the enduring Jefferson nickel, each coin tells a story. Collecting nickels is a way to connect with the past and to appreciate the artistry and craftsmanship that goes into making coins. Beyond the historical and artistic aspects, nickel collecting can also be a rewarding investment. While most nickels are worth only face value, rare or well-preserved nickels can be quite valuable. Building a nickel collection is a long-term endeavor, and the value of your collection can increase over time. The thrill of the hunt is also a big part of the allure of coin collecting. Searching for rare nickels can be an exciting adventure, and the satisfaction of finding a valuable coin is hard to beat. So, if you're looking for a hobby that is both educational and enjoyable, nickel collecting might be the perfect choice. It's a great way to learn about history, appreciate art, and potentially make a smart investment. And who knows, you might just find a rare nickel that's worth a fortune!
